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Category Archives: sfNIRS2024-Session-2
Sa-069-Link between respiration depth, hemodynamic responses and neural activity in awake, behaving non-human primates
Interoception allows us to better understand brain-body interactions and how they are modulated to maintain homeostasis and shape behavior in different contexts. Past studies have shown that respiration changes correlate to changes in brain hemodynamics and neural activity, however most of these studies are limited to resting state. We studied the relationship between hemodynamics, neural activity, and respiration in non-human primates performing a cognitive task using near-infrared spectroscopy and intracortical neural recordings in visual cortex. We found that the hemodynamic response to the task increased with respiration depth while the neuronal response decreased with respiration depth, giving insight into how respiration and the brain interact in healthy, behaving subjects. Continue reading
Sa-084-Accounting for head size distributions in cross-sectional and longitudinal pediatric fNIRS studies
fNIRS is sensitive to the structure and thickness of extra-cerebral layers— particularly, the sinus cavities and the layer of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). This uncertainty creates the potential for systematic bias in analysis of fNIRS measurements in longitudinal development studies, because the sensitivity of fNIRS measurements decays exponentially with the depth of brain activity from the surface sensors. The study characterizes differences in head anatomy and their effect on expected fNIRS sensitivity using existing structural MRI data from pediatric populations, then develops and compares analytical methods to account for this variability in fNIRS analysis focusing on cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Continue reading
Sa-085-The Influence of the Believability of Conclusions on Cortical Activation During Categorical Syllogistic Reasoning Tasks
Research on syllogistic reasoning tasks has explored the effects of belief by assessing if conflicts exist between the believability and logical validity of conclusions (belief-logic conflict). However, it is also indicated that cortical activation differences can stem from the believability of the conclusion, independent of the belief-logic conflict. This study investigated whether the believability of conclusions affects reasoning also in categorical syllogistic reasoning tasks and how these interact with the conflicts. we confirmed that differences in cortical activation in these tasks correlate with the believability of conclusions. Continue reading
Sa-086-Influence of Skin in the Estimation of Optical Properties with Frequency-Domain Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy
This study investigated the bias introduced in the optical properties estimated with FD-DOS when skin is ignored. We derived the skin’s absorption coefficient as a function of skin colour and used this relationship to quantify the influence of skin on the absorption coefficient of turbid media. We show that dark skin introduces errors of up to 9% in the absorption coefficient and 4.5% in oxygen saturation. Last, we propose a skin-dependent correction factor to decrease the bias in FD-DOS Continue reading
Sa-087-Securing the brain from occupational misinformation
A growing interest in how information-based threats such as misinformation affect cognition, emotion, behavior, and well-being has led to important insights into human susceptibility and resiliency factors, as well as intervention strategies aiming to mitigate negative effects, but how these predictors play out during real-world behavior in naturalistic environments remains much less clear. We urge researchers to leverage recent advancements in ecological neuroscience to investigate a range of naturalistic behaviors and situations involving misinformation. We follow this recommendation by first examining predictive relationships between multimodal data and misinformation susceptibility factors. Continue reading
Sa-088-Using concurrent fNIRS and fMRI to computationally model deep-brain activity
In this study, we adopt a multimodal approach to synchronously record surface and deep-brain activity using fMRI and fNIRS during a set of replicable cognitive tasks to develop computational models for predicting deep-brain activity from surface-level activity as measured by fNIRS. This will provide preliminary roadmaps for fNIRS researchers to leverage fMRI to improve modeling of brain data collected by fNIRS in lab-based and real-world environments. Continue reading
Sa-089-Where in the brain is the dax? Mapping word learning in the child brain
Kindly input your 100-word abstract below (please remove the current text beforehand). This abstract must also be presented in the accompanying 1-page summary PDF attachment. We strongly advise reviewing all submission requirements and guidelines at https://fnirs2024.fnirs.org/cfp/ before submitting your abstract. For your convenience, the template for the 1-page summary can be downloaded from http://fnirs2024.fnirs.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/fNIRS2024-abstract-template_v001.docx. Including the names of all contributing authors in the format for abstract submission is crucial. Please note that no changes to authorship will be accepted after the submission has been made. If you have any questions or experience any issues, please contact Augusto Bonilauri. Continue reading
Sa-062-Effects of Glucose Ramune Candy Intake on Brain Activity During Cognitive Tasks and Phychophysiological States
This study investigated the effect of glucose Ramune candy intake on brain activity during cognitive tasks and psychophysiological status in healthy young adults. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), cognitive tasks, heart rate variability analysis and psychological questionnaires. The main results showed significant improvements in the accuracy of an attention task and prefrontal activity during a working memory task following the intake of glucose Ramune candy. In addition, scores on the Energetic Arousal+ and Vitality-Activity scales increased in the glucose condition. These results suggest that glucose Ramune candies may improve mood, brain activity and attention. Continue reading
Sa-072-Prefrontal cortex activity during navigated walking in older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease
Performance of complex walking tasks can be better understood by studying underlying cortical activity. Prefrontal cortex activity was evaluated during navigated walking tasks with fNIRS in 49 healthy older adults and 42 people with Parkinson's disease. Data was also collected with inertial measurement units, clinical tests, and with a neuropsychological test battery. Data analysis used general linear models and mixed-effects models. Prefrontal activity was more connected to executive ability in older adults and more connected to balance in people with Parkinson's disease. Continue reading
Sa-073-Functional connectivity in 2- to 5-years-olds at risk for psychopathology predicts experience of sadness and self-regulation
Children typically exhibiting severe symptoms of ADHD (i.e., males with hyperactivity subtype) are identified and treated up to 3 years sooner than all other children affected by this neurodevelopmental disorder. 204 children 2-5 years old, 98 of which had a known familial history of ADHD, participated in the current study. Our results present two distinct functional connectivity profiles in toddlers and preschool-aged children as they relate to psychological evaluations, parental characteristics, and genetic risk. These data are the first to map the early ontogeny of ADHD outside of the traditional narrow demographic. Continue reading