Home » Posts tagged 'Cognitive and Social Neuroscience' (Page 2)
Tag Archives: Cognitive and Social Neuroscience
Sa-022-The Engagement of Frontoparietal Network in Sequence Learning and Sensory Prediction in 8-month-olds and its Correlation with Corresponding Anatomical Development
Though sequence learning and sensory prediction are regarded as crucial abilities during development, the neural underpinnings lack exploration. The current study with 8-month-olds aims to confirm the stronger functional connectivity of frontoparietal network during learning and sensory prediction, which was previously found in 6-month-olds (Baek et al., 2022). Besides, the supporting mechanisms for neural development are under debate with the neural-interactionist perspective assuming that functional activation helps strengthen anatomical development. So, the current study also aims to test this prediction by exploring the relationship between task-based and resting-state connectivity, expecting to see a positive correlation. Continue reading
Su-047-Neural mechanisms of BeMim: what brain mechanism drives the link between liking and mimicry?
To explore the impact of being mimicked (BeMim) on liking and affiliation, we tracked neural activity using LightNIRS and measured liking effects with questionnaires in two participant groups (N=62) experiencing distinct mimicry types: Choice and Motor. Behavioural findings demonstrated a robust liking effect for Choice BeMim, and this was reflected in activation patterns within TPJ. Conversely, for Motor BeMim, we identified a subtle behavioural liking effect with activation in the right and left Angular Gyrus and right STS. Continue reading
Fr-064-Assessing preschoolers’ structural action processing in a stacking game using fNIRS
The ability to plan and understand complex actions considerably develops around the preschool years. Despite suggestions that structural processing of action and language relies on similar mechanisms recruiting subregions of the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), the underlying neural mechanisms of children’s action processing are largely unknown. To investigate structural action processing and its neural correlates, the current study examined 3- to 6-year-olds in a stacking game using fNIRS. Contrasting with previous findings on language processing, our results show right-lateralized modulations in IFC activation depending on complexity of action structure and children’s behavioral performance. Continue reading
Vi-019-Two Types of Cognitive Processes of The Criminals Who Conceal Involvement of The Case Appears as Bimodal Peaks in Their Cerebral Hemodynamic Responses
The CIT is a criminal investigation method. We examined the relationship between temporally synchronized autonomic responses and cortical activation. Thirty of sixty participants committed a mock crime, and the others did not. Then, they performed the CIT task. As a result, in addition to the guilty-specific autonomic responses, we observed the distinct cortical activation patterns; (1) bimodal peaks for a crime-relevant question, (2) the greater activation of the right S/MTG and M/IFG. Moreover, the mean Δ[oxyHb] of 1st peak on the S/MTG and that of 2nd peak on the M/IFG were positively correlated with sympathetic and parasympathetic indices, respectively. Continue reading
Su-040-Exploring the activation of the right Temporoparietal Junction during mentalizing across species and agents
What is the involvement of the right Temporoparietal Junction (rTPJ) during mentalizing across species and agents? Using fNIRS, rTPJ activity was measured while participants (analyzed n = 16) had real-life interactions or observed screen-based interactions with a human, AI, or dog, with both tasks triggering mentalizing. A channel-of-interest analysis revealed no significant differences in rTPJ activation across agents or tasks. While participants anthropomorphized the agents differently across tasks, this was not a consistent predictor of rTPJ activation. These first findings suggest that mentalizing agents across tasks show clear distinct profiles at the behavioral but not brain level. Continue reading
Su-058-Whole Head High Density fNIRS for Complex Scene Analysis
We propose using high-density (HD) functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) for whole-head brain imaging during complex scene analysis (CSA) in naturalistic settings. Our experiment involves ecologically valid "cocktail party" scenarios where participants focus on audiovisual stimuli in both overt and covert contexts. This approach allows analysis of cortical activity patterns and decoding of attended spatial locations, with potential applications in enhancing brain-computer interface technologies for hearing aids. This method addresses the limitations of fMRI and EEG by enabling more natural human subject behavior and improved spatial resolution. Continue reading
Su-052-Investigating the Cocktail Party Problem using Co-Localized functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography
The recently developed co-localization method, attaching custom-built fNIRS sources to active EEG electrodes, was shown to preserve array density, signal quality, and wearability in both modalities. This new method was used to investigate the Cocktail Party Problem with a combined whole head fNIRS-EEG probe. Preliminary data show localized activation in the fNIRS regions of interest and expected evoked response potential (ERP) markers in the EEG regions of interest. This work can provide a more comprehensive functional and cognitive understanding of the auditory processing stream and become the foundation for the development of more complex assistive hearing devices. Continue reading
Su-077-Establishing a neural metabolism resource trade-off account of mental capacity limits: a BNIRS study
We used broadband-NIRS (BNIRS) to measure oxidation states of cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO)- an intracellular marker of neural metabolism, during a visual perception task in which we also assessed task unrelated thoughts (TUTs). We hypothesized that increased demands on visual perception (high perceptual load) will reduce the level of metabolism in medial-prefrontal-cortex (mPFC) associated with TUTs, compared to low perceptual load due to shared capacity limits. Our findings indicated that increased perceptual load results in reduced TUTs-related oxCCO levels in mPFC. These results demonstrate how BNIRS can be used to test neurobiological accounts of attention and capacity limits in cognition. Continue reading
Fr-093-The Neural Mechanisms of Order and Content Processing in Phonological Working Memory
Phonological working memory (pWM) entails retaining the identity of the perceived stimuli (i.e., syllables) as well as their sequential order. In this study, 34 Italian adults participated in a complex pWM task, that included three levels of WM load and three conditions: no change, order change, and content change. Their brain activity was recorded using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The results show distinct neural activity patterns for content and order processing within pWM. They highlight the importance of parietal areas in order processing, especially at a higher WM load. This study opens the door to applying a similar approach to other populations, such as infants. Continue reading
Su-072-Neural specificity for live dyadic face processing: Preliminary TMS and fNIRS findings
The goal of this investigation is to understand the integrated neurophysiological components associated with live and interactive social processes such as mutual face gaze. Functional near infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS, provides the imaging method of choice by enabling the acquisition of images during live and natural interactions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, TMS, provides a method of choice for causal evidence of underlying neural correlates. We present preliminary data of TMS stimulation applied to fNIRS findings to test the hypothesis that right supramarginal gyrus, SMG, is specialized for live face gaze. Continue reading