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Fr-040-A transportable hyperspectral imaging setup based on fast, high-density spectral scanning for in situ quantitative biochemical mapping of fresh tissue biopsies
We present here a transportable, high-density, hyperspectral imaging setup, named HyperProbe1, to provide in situ, fast biochemical analysis of fresh surgical samples, within 1 hour after excision. The system is applied on ex vivo biopsies of glioma from routine patients, including different tumour gradings. Quantitative analysis of the composition of the tissue is performed via fast spectral unmixing to map biomarkers, such as oxy- and deoxyhaemoglobin, cytochrome-c-oxidase and lipid content. The versatility of HyperProbe1 can enable its utilisation as investigative tool to provide tailored HSI technology, that could be translated into the clinics as compact, cost-effective prototypes for intraoperative neuronavigation. Continue reading
Fr-035-Subjectivity and Brain Activity-Based Validation to Driving Feedback
In this study, we aim to realize a real-time feedback system that encourages drivers to continuously become aware of safe driving. There are various feedback methods, and so far, five types of subjective impressions have been evaluated using images, warning sounds, and announcements. However, as subjective evaluation alone may lead to responses that intentionally or unintentionally influence the outcome of the experiment, we focused on the brain, which is processing the information, and evaluated feedback by measuring brain activity with NIRS. The results of the experiment indicated that the brain may be activated to process information for those with high subjective evaluation content. Continue reading
Fr-005-Repetitive head impacts in Para sports alter brain oxygenation patterns
Para swimmers with limb deficiency are faced with the situation that they must use their head to finish each competition by a hit to the wall. Repetitive head impacts may impair behavioral and brain functions. We therefore investigated neurobehavioral functions of a Para swimmer with dysmelia before and after repetitive head impacts (T1) and without (T2). Behavioral and brain functions decreased from pre to post at T1 but not at T2. Para swimmers with limb deficiency are therefore affected from similar consequences onto brain health that are observed after repeated sport-related concussions. Continue reading
Fr-008-fNIRS Evaluation of Cortical Reorganization Following Brief Speech-in-Noise Training
This study investigates cortical effects of single-session speech-in-noise (SIN) training using fNIRS and assesses data reproducibility. Thirty normal-hearing participants underwent SIN training with noise-vocoded stimuli. Significant post-training SIN enhancements were found, particularly in those with poorer initial performance or lower pre-training activation in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG). MTG activation to trained stimuli decreased post-training, suggesting improved neural processing efficiency. Group-level reliability was confirmed, but individual-level reproducibility of fNIRS data was poor. These findings underscore the significance of fNIRS in elucidating the mechanisms driving auditory learning and plasticity yet highlight the challenges in translating fNIRS data to clinical practice. Continue reading
Vi-025-Imaging static absorbing properties using wavelength modulated near-infrared spectroscopy
A method called wavelength-modulated near-infrared spectroscopy is used to estimate the absolute concentrations of absorbers in highly scattering media using measurements of the rate of change of optical attenuation with wavelength. The method is demonstrated using three experimental systems based on a wavelength-modulated source, a spectrometer, and discrete sources at adjacent wavelengths. Measurements are independent of absolute intensity and thus less influenced by changes in coupling (to which hair is a significant contributor) which cause artefacts in conventional NIRS data. Images of a tissue equivalent phantom clearly reveal internal absorbers despite a random layer of dark hair on the surface. Continue reading
Fr-011-The association between caregiver inhibitory control, caregiving behaviours, and infant visual cognition
This study investigated whether caregiver inhibitory control was associated with infant visual cognition and whether caregiver behaviours during dyadic interactions could explain this association. Caregiver inhibitory control was assessed using a Go-NoGo task and infant visual cognition was assessed using a preferential looking task. Caregiver behaviours were coded from naturalistic play interactions. Better caregiver inhibitory control was associated with lesser left middle frontal gyrus (lMFG) activation in infants. While caregiver behaviours did not mediate this association, better caregiver scaffolding was negatively associated with lesser infant lMFG activation, suggesting that supportive caregiving might directly impact attentional control networks in infants. Continue reading
Fr-013-Investigating the Neural Bases of Language Processing During a Live Social Interaction: A fNIRS Study of Neurotypical and Autistic Children
The present study examined the neural bases of language processing during a live social interaction in 20 neurotypical (NT) and 20 autistic (ASD) children, 3 to 6 years old. fNIRS was used to measure children’s brain response during a live language condition (listened to story read by live experimenter) and a recorded language condition (listened to story played via audio recording). We found group differences in brain response to live language and recorded language, as well as associations between children’s brain response and their language skills. Findings may help to explain why ASD children experience challenges using and understanding language. Continue reading
Fr-075-Hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy technique for adult neuromonitoring
Hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectrometers have the potential to monitor adult cerebral blood oxygenation and metabolism with minimal extracerebral contamination; however, they are typically limited by trade-offs between spectral range, spectral resolution, and sampling rate. This work presents a hyperspectral time-resolved near-infrared spectrometer that uses compressive sensing to enable fast data acquisition while maintaining spectral range and resolution. The sensitivity of the device to changes in blood oxygenation and metabolism in deep tissue was confirmed in phantom experiments with comparison to gold standard measures. Future work will validate the sensitivity of the device to adult cerebral blood oxygenation and metabolism. Continue reading
Fr-074-Laughing Together – do people synchronize and bond when they laugh together?
The aim of this study is to investigate if laughing together supports interbrain synchrony which in turn supports positive social outcomes between people. For this purpose, we manipulate laughing in pairs of participants and subsequently measure interbrain synchrony with fNIRS hyperscanning, bonding and joint action. We use a sequential Bayesian approach to achieve the sample size with a Bayes factor of 5 or 1/5. A preliminary Bayes ANOVA (N=84) revealed that the data for the interbrain synchrony are in favor of the null hypotheses. Further variables (laughter, bonding) are currently being analyzed. Data collection is ongoing. Continue reading
Fr-071-Simultaneous broadband NIRS and EEG to characterise social brain specialisation in infants
Our current comprehension of functional specialisation in infants is limited to insights of either spatial or temporal neural activation. We propose that functional specialisation is underpinned by coordinated physiological responses as part of the neurovascular coupling (NVC) pathway. To investigate this, we used broadband NIRS (bNIRS) simultaneously with EEG to measure neural activity alongside haemodynamic and metabolic changes in 4-to-7-month-old infants, in response to social and non-social stimuli. We demonstrated task- and frequency-dependent coupling between neural oscillatory activity, haemodynamics and metabolism. Development of simultaneous multi-modal neuroimaging methods opens new vistas in understanding brain functional specialisation. Continue reading