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fNIRS Datablitz 2020 Q&A: Data Analysis and Algorithms

Tuesday October 13 2020, 9:00-10:00 AM EDT

The video recording of the session is below.

Use the commenting tool below to discuss the presentations given in this session. Please register as a member to be able to ask and answer questions https://fnirs.org/account/. You can register for free for this web content.

Tu1 Rickson Mesquita
University of Campinas, Brazil
Towards fNIRS reproducibility at the intra- and inter-subject levels
Q&A
6
Question to Dr Mesquitax
Tu2 Adam Noah
Yale School of Medicine, USA
Comparison of short-channel separation and spatial domain filtering for removal of systemic components in fNIRS
Q&A
2
Question to Dr Noahx
Tu3 Tripp Shealy
Virginia Tech, USA
Temporal network dynamics in the prefrontal cortex during concept generation for engineering design
Q&A
4
Question to Dr Shealyx
Tu4 Martin Wolf
University of Zurich, Switzerland
Hyperscanning and systemic physiology
Q&A
2
Question to Dr Wolfx
Tu5 Michal Balberg
Holon Institute of Technology, Israel
Artifact detection based on statistical properties
Q&A
3
Question to Dr Balbergx
Tu6 Felipe Orihuela-Espina
INAOE, Mexico
Fuzzy sets based analysis of multimodal EEG-fNIRS images
Q&A
2
Question to Dr Orihuela-Espinax
Tu7 Antje Ihlefeld
New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA
Cortical mechanisms of auditory masking
Q&A
1
Question to Dr Ihlefeldx
TuP1 Panel Discussion Data Analysis and Algorithms Moderators Sabrina Brigadoi & Adam Lliebert
Q&A
0
Question to the Data Analysis and Algorithms Panelx

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LiebertAdam
LiebertAdam (@liebertadam)
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

How your 3-day variability in fNIRS connectivity compares with fMRI?

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  LiebertAdam
2 years ago

For functional connectivity, fNIRS variability is definitely higher at the inter- and intra-subject levels. But I suspect this happens because we used ROIs for fMRI analysis, and the averaging process with fMRI voxels may smooth out some of the random variability…

Felix Scholkmann
Felix Scholkmann (@felix)
Editor
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

Thanks for the presentation. Important topic. Concerning the differences in brain activity with respect to time of day, did you see a specific pattern? Is, for example, the magnitudes of the responses lower in the morning?

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  Felix Scholkmann
2 years ago

Yes! Not only the magnitudes are lower but the size of the response is smaller in the morning. However, we found more variability in the measurements taken at the same time in different days than different times at the same day – which was kind of surprising to me because of the circadian cycle…

Felix Scholkmann
Felix Scholkmann (@felix)
Editor
Reply to  MesquitaRickson
2 years ago

Interesting!

César Caballero-Gaudes
César Caballero-Gaudes
2 years ago
Q&A Tripp Shealy" Read more »

Did you observed the same PFC network models in deoxyhemoglobin?

How long were the recordings, and therefore each decile (10% data length)?

inês almeida
inês almeida
2 years ago
Q&A Tripp Shealy" Read more »

2 questions:
1. What’s exactly the task have to perform?
2. How do you control for the different phases (of the design process?)

M. Atif Yaqub
M. Atif Yaqub
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

Great work. The group data is reproducible.
Did you happen perform comparison between subjects?
Also when comparing averaged data from groups, did you happen to find some “not good” channels/subjects and removing them for further analysis?

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  M. Atif Yaqub
2 years ago

Great questions. We did compare between subjects and the spatial information does decrease the variability between subjects as well. You can check the effect on https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2020.00746/full

Comparing two or more groups is a trickier question, and we have been working on this yet. But, yes, we check every channel of every subject and discard the bad channels (or subjects) when needed.

usman
usman
2 years ago
Q&A Tripp Shealy" Read more »

Nice talk. Could you please elaborate how to choose threshold level for the undirected graph generated from FC of temporal fNIRS data.

inês almeida
inês almeida
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

thanks for the talk :)
how do you explain reproducibility of results at the group level, but not at the subject level? (assuming the same spatial procedures are used for the group and the subject level)

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  inês almeida
2 years ago

This is probably related to the root that causes the main variability in the data. When they are random and do not have a systematic trend they will tend to average out across different subjects.

usman
usman
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

great talk. When you check the repeatability of fNIRS signal at group level, how many subjects were recruited . Thank you.

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  usman
2 years ago

It depended on the experiment. For motor tasks, we went as low as 5 subjects to explicitly show one can achieve high reproducibility for the group even with low subjects (as long as you account for confounders such as systemic physiology, motion artifacts, extra-cortical contributions and combined HbO/HbR analysis). If you do all these pre-processing steps, you will have good reproducibility at the group level.

For cognitive tasks such as reading the changes are smaller and more heterogeneous by nature, and you may need more subjects. In our data, we did ~25 subjects, and have not investigated the minimum number of subjects needed to have good reproducibility.

César Caballero-Gaudes
César Caballero-Gaudes
2 years ago
Q&A Adam Noah" Read more »

can you describe with more detail the spatial filter approach? Is this just global signal regression?

Dan
Dan (@dan)
2 years ago
Q&A Adam Noah" Read more »

Very useful technique! Are PC1s common across subjects? Do you have to optimize it within subject?

Sergio Novi
Sergio Novi
2 years ago
Q&A Tripp Shealy" Read more »

Nice Talk! I am curious about how differences in probe density across the head impact network metrics. I suppose that a region with more channels close to each other would have a higher tendency to have channels with more connections. Is it correct?

Felix Scholkmann
Felix Scholkmann (@felix)
Editor
2 years ago
Q&A Michal Balberg" Read more »

How is the threshold value found? Manually or automatically?

BalbergMichal
BalbergMichal (@balbergmichal)
Reply to  Felix Scholkmann
2 years ago

Right now it is done manually. We will test it on other data sources

Felix Scholkmann
Felix Scholkmann (@felix)
Editor
Reply to  BalbergMichal
2 years ago

I see. Maybe it’s possible to use the statistical properties of the data in the selected reference time frame to determine the threshold automatically.

BalbergMichal
BalbergMichal (@balbergmichal)
Reply to  Felix Scholkmann
2 years ago

we do it on a subset of the data and apply to the rest of the subjects. But we only have one database right now. So the statistics of the data is similar.

Dmitry Patashov
Dmitry Patashov (@dmitryp)
Reply to  Felix Scholkmann
2 years ago

We are comparing the statistical properties in the reference section to the rest of the sections, but at the moment it is hard to say if the ratio is constant over different datasets. Within our dataset, the threshold is constant for all records, thus being a predefined value for detection. We are planning to test in on other datasets to see if it is consistent.

ReRebecca
ReRebecca (@rerebecca)
2 years ago
Q&A Michal Balberg" Read more »

Can you give us the link to a publication of your method? It is very interesting

BalbergMichal
BalbergMichal (@balbergmichal)
Reply to  ReRebecca
2 years ago

we are preparing a manuscript. will be submitted soon

BalbergMichal
BalbergMichal (@balbergmichal)
Reply to  ReRebecca
2 years ago

Please send me your email : balbergm@hit.ac.il and I can send it when accepted

John Sunwoo
John Sunwoo
2 years ago
Q&A Michal Balberg" Read more »

Thank you for your talk!
Rejecting the skewed outliers seemed simple but effective. Would this still work for the ‘step/baseline change’ type of artifacts? The signal distribution will look bi-modal. Thank you!

BalbergMichal
BalbergMichal (@balbergmichal)
Reply to  John Sunwoo
2 years ago

we do the statistics on short windows. So the steps will be “outliers”. Hope I understood your question correctly

Sunwoo John test1
Sunwoo John test1 (@sunwojo)
Reply to  BalbergMichal
2 years ago

Thank you! It makes sense that it would be depending on the window size.

Dmitry Patashov
Dmitry Patashov (@dmitryp)
Reply to  Sunwoo John test1
2 years ago

You are correct. It is important to choose the correct window size for sample variance step, but in general it is enough to assure that multiple instances of the periodic process are in the window.

EmbersonLauren
EmbersonLauren (@embersonlauren)
2 years ago
Q&A Antje Ihlefeld" Read more »

Wonderful talk Antje– can you say more about the direction of your effect? why would poorer performance be linked to greater oxygenation? is it compensation? have you seen that direction of effect in other work?

Antje Ihlefeld
Antje Ihlefeld (@ihlefeld)
Reply to  EmbersonLauren
2 years ago

Thanks, Lauren! Our hunch is that the poorer performers may need more resources to gate the signal from thalamus to cortex, and this may be what people describe as “listening effort.” We comment on this in the discussion of our work. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.21.261222v1.abstract

Dan
Dan (@dan)
2 years ago
Q&A Felipe Orihuela-Espina" Read more »

Great efforts! How do you optimize the system? Do you tune it to fNIRS or to EEG or to balance them?

Dalin Yang
Dalin Yang
2 years ago
Q&A Martin Wolf" Read more »

Thank you for your nice talk.
As shown in the slides, the biosignals were observed from the wavelet coherence. so, the wavelet coherence is just used for noise detection? or has the other finding (e.g., the brain activations) in the time&frequency band?

Martin Wolf
Martin Wolf (@mwolf)
Admin
Reply to  Dalin Yang
2 years ago

We just looked at the resting state, so no stimulations. We used the wavelet coherence to determine the coherence between the two subjects. Not sure if I answered your question adequately.

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
2 years ago
Q&A Felipe Orihuela-Espina" Read more »

Interesting idea. How do you account for the “fuzziness” of the images? Do you define a probability function for each channel?

Last edited 2 years ago by MesquitaRickson
Anne Gallagher
Anne Gallagher
2 years ago
Q&A Rickson Mesquita" Read more »

How do you explain the greater variability in fNIRS data compared to fMRI data?

MesquitaRickson
MesquitaRickson (@mesquitarickson)
Reply to  Anne Gallagher
2 years ago

It is probably related to both the size of the measurement unit and the nature of what is embedded in the data. High temporal resolution in fNIRS makes it more sensitive to systemic oscillations and we can see these changes. In fMRI this is “hidden” due to lower temporal resolution (it causes the aliasing of the data but it is not “visible”). The smaller “unit” of measurement in fNIRS is one single channel that has very little overlaps between them (at least in low-density probes). For fMRI there are several voxels, and each one carries different information. Thus random noise is cancelled out when averaging. On top of all that, fNIRS data is sensitive to extra-cortical contributions and, as much as short-channel regression can remove these contributions, it is not 100% effective.

But keep in mind we were always investigated intra-subject & inter-subject variability. Group results are quite robust with fNIRS.

Last edited 2 years ago by MesquitaRickson
Jack Radford
Jack Radford (@jradford)
2 years ago
Q&A Martin Wolf" Read more »

Hi Martin,

Thanks for your talk, really exciting results shown on the last slide! I was wondering how the multipixel detector was used to make a tomographic image in this case? Does each fibre feed to an individual pixel on the array and if so, how does this translate to a 3D image?

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