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Tag Archives: Poster
Fr-018-Evaluating Cortical Activity and Balance Performance in Alpine Skiers
The study evaluates the balance performance of young skiers using single-leg stance (SLS) and dual-leg stance (DLS) by measuring cortical activation using fNIRS and modified hope balance test (MHBT). A statistical framework Functional mix effect model was used to model the difference between right-leg stance (RLS), left-leg stance (LLS), and DLS. The results show a significant difference (P<0.0001) in motor cortex hemodynamics during SLS and DLS while no significant difference was found during RLS and LLS. The study also contrasts Broca regions' responses to various tasks. These findings contribute to understanding the neural mechanisms governing balance control in skiers. Continue reading
Fr-043-Prefrontal cortical activations when learning irregular features in words and person
Every word and person are unique, often displaying features that differ from the majority of others (irregular features). Learning irregular features is crucial but challenging. Inhibition, supported by the prefrontal cortex, is important for such learning in words (Qiu et al., 2023). However, it is unclear whether same prefrontal regions support irregularity learning across domains (word, person). Our study involves 35 adults learning regular and irregular features in words and person across five sessions, with fNIRS recording prefrontal cortical activations. Analyses will uncover neural substrates of irregularity learning in word and person domains, and how the activations change over sessions. Continue reading
Fr-052-Quantifying cerebral metabolic and microvascular parameters during and after the cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest (CA) is a massive and terrifying health problem. Minimizing the effects of CA on the brain requires quantitative real-time bedside monitoring of the cerebral status. We apply a coherent hemodynamic spectroscopy model to cerebral hemodynamic data from a pig model of the cardiac arrest, which allows for recovering various microvascular and metabolic parameters of the brain. This provides valuable knowledge of the impact of CA on the brain and ways to improve treatment. In the future our approach may lead to a clinical non-invasive technique for measuring microvascular and metabolic parameters in CA patients. Continue reading
Fr-051-Frontoparietal network connectivity among preschool-aged offspring at familial risk for ADHD
Aberrant connectivity in the frontoparietal network (FPN) of preschool-aged children may precede ADHD symptoms and serve as early markers of risk for the development of childhood ADHD. FPN connectivity was assessed, using fNIRS, among 4- and 5-year-old children at high and low familial risk for ADHD. Increased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal appears to be necessary to sustained attention for young children likely to develop ADHD. Continue reading
Fr-044-Multimodal Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and 9.4T MRI shows reduced perfusion and abnormal oxidative metabolism in the EAE mouse model of MS
While multiple sclerosis (MS) is typically considered a white matter disease, there is prominent evidence that gray matter pathology, such as hypoxia, disruptions in metabolic rate and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved as well. We are applying a novel multimodal technique combining near-infrared spectroscopy and high-field MRI to study the mitochondrial status as well as oxygen delivery and consumption in the cortex of the EAE mouse model of MS. Reduced perfusion, and consequent hypoxia, with abnormal mitochondrial regulation and no change in consumption rate were found in EAE mice. Hypoxia and mitochondrial damage are likely to exacerbate the pathology in MS. Continue reading
Fr-039-Aberrant Neural Response and Eye Gaze Pattern in Girls with Fragile X Syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) presents significant challenges in social interaction, yet understanding the neural mechanisms and associated behaviors in affected individuals remains limited. We employed fNIRS and eye gaze tracking to investigate brain dynamics and eye gaze behavior during face-to-face conversation in 35 girls with FXS and 31 matched controls. FXS girls exhibited hyperactivity in prefrontal and temporal cortical areas alongside reduced eye contact and aberrant gaze patterns. Correlational analyses showed a close association between the aberrant brain activity and gaze behaviors. These findings shed light on FXS's neural underpinnings in social contexts, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions. Continue reading
Fr-038-Left fetal temporal sulcus depth predicts speech discrimination abilities at birth
This pilot study examined the longitudinal relationship between superior temporal sulcus (STS) depth in fetuses and their speech discrimination abilities at birth. Overall, neonates had a significantly larger hemodynamic response to forward than to backward speech, particularly in the left hemisphere. Importantly, a deeper left fetal STS correlated with decreased activation within the right hemisphere during neonatal speech discrimination. We hypothesize that earlier fetal development of the left STS is beneficial for speech perception abilities at birth. Continue reading
Fr-061-Building behavioral and neural foundations for infant fNIRS-neurofeedback
The aim of the current study was to ascertain the feasibility of developing an fNIRS-neurofeedback protocol for infants. The first part of the study was to ensure an effective training paradigm by assessing spontaneous infant preferences of visual stimuli. Building on these findings, we designed a training paradigm that will intrinsically motivate specific neural features. In the second part, we conducted preliminary tests of the task to determine offline the best online signal processing and neurofeedback algorithm. Combined, these findings will provide the foundation for future research to develop a protocol for infant fNIRS-neurofeedback. Continue reading
Fr-057-Prefrontal cortex activity associated with hand dexterity – A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study –
We investigated the association between hand dexterity and prefrontal cortex activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty right-handed adults participated in experiments in which the Purdue Pegboard Test was used to assess hand dexterity and fNIRS was used to measure cortical activation during a pin-manipulation task requiring dexterity. Statistical analysis revealed increased activity in the contralateral sensorimotor cortex during the pin-manipulation task compared with the control task. In addition, prefrontal cortex activity during the pin-manipulation task correlated with hand dexterity scores. These results suggest a relationship between hand dexterity and prefrontal cortex activity during the pin-manipulation task. Continue reading
Fr-056-Development of an fNIRS-based neurofeedback system using prefrontal asymmetry
Previous studies suggest that “choking under pressure” in sports is associated with asymmetry in prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity, with performance being higher during left hemisphere dominance. In this study, we aimed to develop a neurofeedback system using function near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based on this finding. This system was developed using a 2-channel fNIRS device and smartphone to provide musical feedback on asymmetry in PFC activity. The effectiveness of the system was evaluated in a preliminary experiment with six participants and the results were positive. Continue reading