Home » Posts tagged 'Cognitive and Social Neuroscience' (Page 3)
Tag Archives: Cognitive and Social Neuroscience
Sa-020-Prefrontal cortex areas contribution to motor learning
Rotational visuomotor adaptation task was used to explore motor learning in adult subjects. One adaptation set and three retention sets of 1h, 24h and 7d were performed. The results show that the activation pattern of the prefrontal cortex during the adaptation task is maintained after 1h and 24h, but differs after 7d, indicating a possible automatization of the visuomotor map. Continue reading
Su-047-Neural mechanisms of BeMim: what brain mechanism drives the link between liking and mimicry?
To explore the impact of being mimicked (BeMim) on liking and affiliation, we tracked neural activity using LightNIRS and measured liking effects with questionnaires in two participant groups (N=62) experiencing distinct mimicry types: Choice and Motor. Behavioural findings demonstrated a robust liking effect for Choice BeMim, and this was reflected in activation patterns within TPJ. Conversely, for Motor BeMim, we identified a subtle behavioural liking effect with activation in the right and left Angular Gyrus and right STS. Continue reading
Su-044-Mediating role of the age-specific prefrontal activation in the relationship between aerobic fitness and working memory in the elderly
This study sought to identify prefrontal activation patterns mediating the relationship between aerobic fitness and working memory performance in older adults using functional near infrared spectroscopy, and verbal and spatial n-back task. We found that older adults exhibited extended prefrontal activation during 2-back conditions compared to younger adults, and that age-specific prefrontal activation during the verbal 2-back condition was associated with higher aerobic fitness and better verbal 2-back performance. These results suggest that older adults with higher aerobic fitness levels recruit more extended PFC regions, possibly for compensatory activation, to enhance the n-back task performance. Continue reading
Fr-029-Mutual prediction under virtual communication
Fluent communication relies on both predicting each other's actions and carrying out one’s own actions, and is linked to interpersonal neural synchrony. Online meetings where researchers have control over the communication provide an ideal way to test how disruptions in communication impact on interpersonal neural synchrony. Our fNIRS hyperscanning study simulates online meetings with connection breakdowns. Participants engage in a Spot the Differences game, with one describing and the other identifying differences (mutual prediction condition). Noise intermittently obscures the speaker's voice, creating partial (one-way) and unsuccessful zero prediction conditions. We will analyze inter-brain coherence, expecting it only under mutual prediction conditions. Continue reading
Fr-074-Laughing Together – do people synchronize and bond when they laugh together?
The aim of this study is to investigate if laughing together supports interbrain synchrony which in turn supports positive social outcomes between people. For this purpose, we manipulate laughing in pairs of participants and subsequently measure interbrain synchrony with fNIRS hyperscanning, bonding and joint action. We use a sequential Bayesian approach to achieve the sample size with a Bayes factor of 5 or 1/5. A preliminary Bayes ANOVA (N=84) revealed that the data for the interbrain synchrony are in favor of the null hypotheses. Further variables (laughter, bonding) are currently being analyzed. Data collection is ongoing. Continue reading
Fr-006-The Utility of fNIRS for Evaluating Human Voice Acoustics for Stress Management
This study examined the utility of fNIRS in assessing soothing-voice-facilitated mental stress recovery. For this purpose, we measured the prefrontal cortex activity of 35 participants during a stress task and its recovery phase. We used a soothing voice intervention during experimental group recovery. Two control groups received a flat, robotic voice or silence to distinguish the effects of voice stimulation from attention shifts to irrelevant sounds. Measurements of fNIRS and salivary cortisol showed that stress markers dropped faster in the presence of a natural, soothing voice compared to both controls. Continue reading
Vi-026-Changes in Cerebral Haemodynamic Responses During a Sustained Attention Task Following Exertional Hyperthermia
The effects of exertional hyperthermia on neural responses and sustained attention remains equivocal. We evaluated the continuous changes in cerebral haemodynamic responses in bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices during a sustained attention task at the start and end of exercise under heat stress. Exertional hyperthermia under warm environmental conditions resulted in decreased cerebral blood volume and higher error rate compared with cool environmental conditions. Findings suggest potential associations between alterations in cerebral haemodynamic responses and impairments in sustained attention during exercise in the heat. Continue reading
Fr-043-Prefrontal cortical activations when learning irregular features in words and person
Every word and person are unique, often displaying features that differ from the majority of others (irregular features). Learning irregular features is crucial but challenging. Inhibition, supported by the prefrontal cortex, is important for such learning in words (Qiu et al., 2023). However, it is unclear whether same prefrontal regions support irregularity learning across domains (word, person). Our study involves 35 adults learning regular and irregular features in words and person across five sessions, with fNIRS recording prefrontal cortical activations. Analyses will uncover neural substrates of irregularity learning in word and person domains, and how the activations change over sessions. Continue reading
Vi-003-Use fNIRS Hyperscanning to Investigate the Effect of Risk Preference on Dyadic Decision
Used fNIRS hyperscanning to investigate the effect of risk preference on dyadic decision. Firstly, used sequential decision task to measure subjects' risk preferences as baseline, and then paired subjects into “risk-risk”, “risk-conservative”, and “conservative-conservative” groups to perform a self-designed dyadic version of sequential risk taking task with fNIRS hyperscanning. Ultimately, we found that the “risk-risk” group got the most rewards, had the fewest number of disagreements in the experiment, and showed greater interpersonal brain synchronization. In conclusion, the “risk-risk” group had a higher quality of risky decision making in the risk-seeking context. Continue reading
Fr-080-The role of the DLPFC in conflict adaptation –A simultaneous fNIRS-EEG study
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a key player in cognitive control; however, the exact mechanisms by which this process is accomplished are still unclear. To address this question, an audiovisual Stroop task was used in combination with simultaneous fNIRS-EEG and inhibitory neurostimulation. The results indicate a causal role of the DLPFC in the implementation of cognitive control in high-conflict situations via two mechanisms: Suppression of distracting sensory input (auditory cortex) or amplification of stimulus processing with an activation shift towards task-relevant areas (visual system). These data give important insights into the mechanisms by which the DLPFC accomplishes conflict adaptation. Continue reading