Home » Posts tagged 'Cognitive and Social Neuroscience' (Page 4)
Tag Archives: Cognitive and Social Neuroscience
Vi-007-Load-related haemodynamic changes in a working memory task in fibromyalgia patients: an fNIRS study.
Fibromyalgia patients are characterized by working memory impairments related to abnormal functioning of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In this study we examined the existence of both neuropsychological and brain haemodynamic differences using fNIRS between patients and control subjects. As expected, beyond the observed lower scores in working memory tests, patients with fibromyalgia presented lower functional activity in prefrontal sites when performing and N-back task. Understanding the relationship between cognitive performance and brain activity may prove crucial for the development of future intervention tools better adapted to these patients. Continue reading
Sa-005-Parental Synchrony during Cooperative Gameplay with their Child
Interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) is a potential correlate of neurobiological alignment during social interactions. With no empirical data pertaining to mother-father INS during cooperative gameplay with their child, this study aims to explore the role of parent-parent INS on interpersonal family dynamics. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning, INS from bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) will be derived in conjunction with self-report questionnaires on parental traumatic experiences as well as assessments of parent-parent and child-parent attachment. Findings will offer new insights for clinical practice and family assistance programs. Continue reading
Sa-044-Hemodynamic response of prefrontal areas in the simultaneous control of motor and cognitive functions in children with ASD, ADHD and depression – a pilot study using fNIRS
The aim of the study was to see if the neuronal mechanism of focusing on reducing excessive cognitive and motor control (ASD, ADHD children) and increasing it (depressed children) would be the same in the prefrontal area of the brain. The results obtained confirmed these hypotheses. These results can be used in both screening diagnosis and planning therapeutic interventions for children aged 6-10. Continue reading
Su-080-The Effect of Hearing Aids on Accuracy, Response Time and Brain Activation during Speech Emotion Perception in Older Adults
Research suggests that hearing aids do not improve speech emotion perception. The incompatibility of ferrous materials with magnetic resonance imaging may explain the lack of research on neural mechanisms underpinning emotion perception in hearing aid users. Thirty-seven older adults (20 normal hearing, 17 hearing aid users) listened to and categorically judged emotional speech while fNIRS recorded prefrontal, auditory and parietal regions. Behavioral results show that hearing aids do not improve accuracy or response time in speech emotion perception. Imaging results reveal differential patterns of brain activation based on hearing ability and whether participants wore their hearing aids. Continue reading
Fr-050-Uncovering the neural basis of naturalistic speech comprehension with high-density diffuse optical tomography
Everyday communication involves complex scenes, visual speech, and context not found in traditional laboratory tasks. To understand the neural basis of natural speech processing we used high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) to measure regional brain response while participants watched a movie clip. Individual word onsets were modeled in a general linear model framework to identify responses to auditory-only and audiovisual speech. In Experiment 1, we identify modality-dependent responses to language from movie viewing in normal-hearing adults. In Experiment 2, we show differences in speech processing between listeners with cochlear implants and those with normal hearing. Continue reading
Fr-009-Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease is Associated with Lower Neural Efficiency During Verbal Letter Fluency Testing While Upright: An fNIRS Study
In Parkinson’s disease (PD) orthostatic hypotension (OH) is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine positional differences in cognitive performance and cerebral hemodynamics in PD with and without OH, since OH could be a treatable risk factor for cognitive dysfunction. Participants with PD with OH (n=4) and without OH (n=8) underwent repeated cognitive testing in supine/sitting and upright positions while wearing a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) sensor. The group with OH had low neural efficiency during the verbal letter fluency test while upright, supporting the hypothesis that impaired cerebral hemodynamic regulation contributes to cognitive impairment. Continue reading
Fr-041-Longitudinal insights into motor coordination and neural synchrony within and between generations
Intergenerational social interactions hold potential to improve social connectedness and wellbeing for all involved. To understand and maximise these social benefits, this work examines the development of neural synchrony and motor coordination, alongside changes in social wellbeing, in same-generation and intergenerational pairs across six social interactions. This ongoing research demonstrates that self-reported loneliness decreases and closeness within pairs increases across six sessions. Comparing the first and sixth sessions, behavioural indices of collaboration stay stable for same-generation pairs and improve for intergenerational pairs. Analyses of neural synchrony and motor coordination will assess changes across repeated collaborative interactions within and between generations. Continue reading
Fr-060-Role of Mental Workload in Game for Post-work Recovery
Gaming has been proved a valid approach for post-work recovery. However, how mental workload (MWL) during work and gaming affect the users’ recovery experience is unknown. Participants undertake high and low-demand work tasks followed by high and low-demand gaming tasks. FNIRS and subjective scales are used to measure participants’ brain activity, MWL, and recovery experience. Results show that low MWL gaming enhances recovery after high MWL work, while high MWL gaming aids recovery following low MWL work. Furthermore, HbO concentrations correlates with MWL and recovery experience. Our findings indicate that opposite MWL levels between work and gaming optimize recovery. Continue reading
Fr-067-Inter-Brain Synchrony within an Environmental Context: A Systematic Review
Abstract: We investigate the influence of environmental factors on inter-brain synchrony (IBS) during social interactions by analysing 6 hyperscanning studies. Our findings reveal significant modulation of IBS by environmental variables, including interpersonal distance, music, virtual reality, and background noise. Brain regions implicated encompass the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes, elucidating the complex neural networks underlying social cognition. Despite the limited number of studies, our review emphasizes the importance of considering environmental contexts when studying social interactions. Furthermore, it highlights this is a novel, emerging area of research poised for further exploration and expansion across interdisciplinary domains. Continue reading
Fr-064-Assessing preschoolers’ structural action processing in a stacking game using fNIRS
The ability to plan and understand complex actions considerably develops around the preschool years. Despite suggestions that structural processing of action and language relies on similar mechanisms recruiting subregions of the left inferior frontal cortex (IFC), the underlying neural mechanisms of children’s action processing are largely unknown. To investigate structural action processing and its neural correlates, the current study examined 3- to 6-year-olds in a stacking game using fNIRS. Contrasting with previous findings on language processing, our results show right-lateralized modulations in IFC activation depending on complexity of action structure and children’s behavioral performance. Continue reading